# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
import asyncio
import contextlib
import json
import os
import re
import sys
import tempfile
import warnings
from dataclasses import field, make_dataclass
from datetime import timedelta
from enum import EnumMeta
from keyword import iskeyword
from numbers import Number
from pathlib import Path
from typing import (
Any,
AsyncIterator,
Dict,
Iterator,
List,
Optional,
Set,
Tuple,
Type,
Union,
)
import minizinc
from .driver import Driver
from .error import MiniZincError, parse_error
from .json import (
MZNJSONDecoder,
MZNJSONEncoder,
decode_async_json_stream,
decode_json_stream,
)
from .model import Method, Model, ParPath, UnknownExpression
from .result import Result, Status, parse_solution, set_stat
from .solver import Solver
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import Final
SEPARATOR: Final[bytes] = str.encode("----------" + os.linesep)
else:
SEPARATOR: bytes = str.encode("----------" + os.linesep)
class _GeneratedSolution:
pass
[docs]class Instance(Model):
"""Representation of a MiniZinc instance in Python.
Raises:
MiniZincError: when an error occurs during the parsing or
type checking of the model object.
"""
_driver: Driver
_solver: Solver
_input_cache: Optional[Dict[str, Type]] = None
_output_cache: Optional[Dict[str, Type]] = None
_method_cache: Optional[Method] = None
_parent: Optional["Instance"] = None
_field_renames: List[Tuple[str, str]]
def __init__(
self,
solver: Solver,
model: Optional[Model] = None,
driver: Optional[Driver] = None,
):
super().__init__()
self._solver = solver
self._field_renames = []
if driver is not None:
self._driver = driver
elif minizinc.default_driver is not None:
self._driver = minizinc.default_driver
else:
raise Exception("No compatible driver provided")
if model is not None:
self.output_type = model.output_type
self._includes = model._includes.copy()
self._code_fragments = model._code_fragments.copy()
self._data = dict.copy(model._data)
self._enum_map = dict.copy(model._enum_map)
self._checker = True
# Generate output_type to ensure the same type between different
# instances of the same model
if self.output_type is None:
self.analyse()
model.output_type = self.output_type
[docs] def solve(
self,
timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
nr_solutions: Optional[int] = None,
processes: Optional[int] = None,
random_seed: Optional[int] = None,
all_solutions: bool = False,
intermediate_solutions: bool = False,
free_search: bool = False,
optimisation_level: Optional[int] = None,
**kwargs,
) -> Result:
"""Solves the Instance using its given solver configuration.
Find the solutions to the given MiniZinc instance using the given solver
configuration. First, the Instance will be ensured to be in a state
where the solver specified in the solver configuration can understand
the problem and then the solver will be requested to find the
appropriate solution(s) to the problem.
Args:
timeout (Optional[timedelta]): Set the time limit for the process of
solving the instance.
nr_solutions (Optional[int]): The requested number of solution.
(Only available on satisfaction problems and when the ``-n``
flag is supported by the solver).
processes (Optional[int]): Set the number of processes the solver
can use. (Only available when the ``-p`` flag is supported by
the solver).
random_seed (Optional[int]): Set the random seed for solver. (Only
available when the ``-r`` flag is supported by the solver).
free_search (bool): Allow the solver to ignore the search definition
within the instance. (Only available when the ``-f`` flag is
supported by the solver).
all_solutions (bool): Request to solver to find all solutions. (Only
available on satisfaction problems and when the ``-a`` flag is
supported by the solver)
intermediate_solutions (bool): Request the solver to output any
intermediate solutions that are found during the solving
process. (Only available on optimisation problems and when the
``-a`` flag is supported by the solver)
optimisation_level (Optional[int]): Set the MiniZinc compiler
optimisation level.
- 0: Disable optimisation
- 1: Single pass optimisation (default)
- 2: Flatten twice to improve flattening decisions
- 3: Perform root-node-propagation
- 4: Probe bounds of all variables at the root node
- 5: Probe values of all variables at the root node
**kwargs: Other flags to be passed onto the solver. ``--`` can be
omitted in the name of the flag. If the type of the flag is
Boolean, then its value signifies its occurrence.
Returns:
Tuple[Status, Optional[Union[List[Dict], Dict]], Dict]:
tuple containing solving status, values assigned in the
solution, and statistical information. If no solutions is found
the second member of the tuple is ``None``.
Raises:
MiniZincError: An error occurred while compiling or solving the
model instance.
"""
coroutine = self.solve_async(
timeout=timeout,
nr_solutions=nr_solutions,
processes=processes,
random_seed=random_seed,
all_solutions=all_solutions,
intermediate_solutions=intermediate_solutions,
free_search=free_search,
optimisation_level=optimisation_level,
**kwargs,
)
try:
if sys.platform == "win32":
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy())
return asyncio.run(coroutine)
except RuntimeError as r:
if "called from a running event loop" in r.args[0]:
raise RuntimeError(
"the synchronous MiniZinc Python `solve()` method was called from"
" an asynchronous environment.\n\nBecause Python's asyncio library"
" does not support using multiple event loops that would be"
" required to use this method, we instead suggest you use the"
" `solve_async()' method or patch Python behaviour with a package"
" such as `nested_asyncio'.\n\nOriginal message: " + str(r)
) from r
else:
raise r
[docs] async def solve_async(
self,
timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
nr_solutions: Optional[int] = None,
processes: Optional[int] = None,
random_seed: Optional[int] = None,
all_solutions=False,
intermediate_solutions=False,
free_search: bool = False,
optimisation_level: Optional[int] = None,
**kwargs,
) -> Result:
"""Solves the Instance using its given solver configuration in a coroutine.
This method returns a coroutine that finds solutions to the given
MiniZinc instance. For more information regarding this methods and its
arguments, see the documentation of :func:`~MiniZinc.Instance.solve`.
Returns:
Tuple[Status, Optional[Union[List[Dict], Dict]], Dict]:
tuple containing solving status, values assigned, and
statistical information.
Raises:
MiniZincError: An error occurred while compiling or solving the
model instance.
"""
status = Status.UNKNOWN
solution = None
statistics: Dict[str, Any] = {}
multiple_solutions = (
all_solutions or intermediate_solutions or nr_solutions is not None
)
if multiple_solutions:
solution = []
async for result in self.solutions(
timeout=timeout,
nr_solutions=nr_solutions,
processes=processes,
random_seed=random_seed,
all_solutions=all_solutions,
free_search=free_search,
optimisation_level=optimisation_level,
**kwargs,
):
status = result.status
statistics.update(result.statistics)
if result.solution is not None:
if multiple_solutions:
solution.append(result.solution)
else:
solution = result.solution
return Result(status, solution, statistics)
[docs] async def solutions(
self,
timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
nr_solutions: Optional[int] = None,
processes: Optional[int] = None,
random_seed: Optional[int] = None,
all_solutions=False,
intermediate_solutions=False,
free_search: bool = False,
optimisation_level: Optional[int] = None,
verbose: bool = False,
debug_output: Optional[Path] = None,
**kwargs,
) -> AsyncIterator[Result]:
"""An asynchronous generator for solutions of the MiniZinc instance.
This method provides an asynchronous generator for the solutions of the
MiniZinc instance. Every (intermediate) solution is yielded one at a
time, the last item yielded from the generator will not contain a new
solution, but will return the final Status and all remaining
statistical values. For more information regarding this methods and its
arguments, see the documentation of :func:`~MiniZinc.Instance.solve`.
Yields:
Result:
A Result object containing the current solving status, values
assigned, and statistical information.
"""
method = self.method # Ensure self.analyse() has been executed
# Set standard command line arguments
cmd: List[Any] = [
"--output-mode",
"json",
"--output-time",
"--output-objective",
"--output-output-item",
"--statistics", # Enable statistics
# Enable intermediate solutions
# (ensure that solvers always output their best solution)
"--intermediate-solutions",
]
# Process number of solutions to be generated
if all_solutions:
if nr_solutions is not None:
raise ValueError(
"The number of solutions cannot be limited when looking "
"for all solutions"
)
if method != Method.SATISFY:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Finding all optimal solutions is not yet implemented"
)
if "-a" not in self._solver.stdFlags:
raise NotImplementedError("Solver does not support the -a flag")
cmd.append("--all-solutions")
elif nr_solutions is not None:
if nr_solutions <= 0:
raise ValueError(
"The number of solutions can only be set to a positive "
"integer number"
)
if self.method != Method.SATISFY:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Finding multiple optimal solutions is not yet implemented"
)
if "-n" not in self._solver.stdFlags:
raise NotImplementedError("Solver does not support the -n flag")
cmd.extend(["--num-solutions", str(nr_solutions)])
# Set number of processes to be used
if processes is not None:
cmd.extend(["--parallel", str(processes)])
# Set random seed to be used
if random_seed is not None:
cmd.extend(["--random-seed", str(random_seed)])
# Enable free search if specified
if free_search:
cmd.append("--free-search")
# Set compiler optimisation level if specified
if optimisation_level is not None:
cmd.extend(["-O", str(optimisation_level)])
# Set time limit for the MiniZinc solving
if timeout is not None:
cmd.extend(["--time-limit", str(int(timeout.total_seconds() * 1000))])
if verbose:
cmd.append("--verbose")
for flag, value in kwargs.items():
if not flag.startswith("-"):
flag = "--" + flag
if type(value) is bool:
if value:
cmd.append(flag)
else:
cmd.extend([flag, value])
# Add files as last arguments
with self.files() as files, self._solver.configuration() as solver:
assert self.output_type is not None
cmd.extend(files)
status = Status.UNKNOWN
last_status = Status.UNKNOWN
code = 0
statistics: Dict[str, Any] = {}
try:
# Run the MiniZinc process
proc = await self._driver._create_process(cmd, solver=solver)
assert isinstance(proc.stderr, asyncio.StreamReader)
assert isinstance(proc.stdout, asyncio.StreamReader)
# Python 3.7+: replace with asyncio.create_task
read_stderr = asyncio.ensure_future(_read_all(proc.stderr))
if self._driver.parsed_version >= (2, 6, 0):
async for obj in decode_async_json_stream(
proc.stdout, cls=MZNJSONDecoder, enum_map=self._enum_map
):
solution, new_status, statistics = self._parse_stream_obj(
obj, statistics
)
if new_status is not None:
status = new_status
elif solution is not None:
if status == Status.UNKNOWN:
status = Status.SATISFIED
yield Result(status, solution, statistics)
last_status = status
solution = None
statistics = {}
else:
async for raw_sol in _seperate_solutions(proc.stdout):
status = Status.SATISFIED
solution, statistics = parse_solution(
raw_sol,
self.output_type,
self._enum_map,
self._field_renames,
)
yield Result(Status.SATISFIED, solution, statistics)
code = await proc.wait()
except asyncio.IncompleteReadError as err:
# End of Stream has been reached
# Read remaining text in buffer
code = await proc.wait()
remainder = err.partial
# Parse and output the remaining statistics and status messages
if self._driver.parsed_version >= (2, 6, 0):
for obj in decode_json_stream(
remainder, cls=MZNJSONDecoder, enum_map=self._enum_map
):
solution, new_status, statistics = self._parse_stream_obj(
obj, statistics
)
if new_status is not None:
status = new_status
elif solution is not None:
if status == Status.UNKNOWN:
status = Status.SATISFIED
yield Result(status, solution, statistics)
solution = None
statistics = {}
else:
for res in filter(None, remainder.split(SEPARATOR)):
new_status = Status.from_output(res, method)
if new_status is not None:
status = new_status
solution, statistics = parse_solution(
res,
self.output_type,
self._enum_map,
self._field_renames,
)
yield Result(status, solution, statistics)
except (asyncio.CancelledError, MiniZincError, Exception):
# Process was cancelled by the user, a MiniZincError occurred, or
# an unexpected Python exception occurred
# First, terminate the process
proc.terminate()
_ = await proc.wait()
# Then, reraise the error that occurred
raise
if self._driver.parsed_version >= (2, 6, 0) and (
status != last_status or statistics != {}
):
yield Result(status, None, statistics)
# Raise error if required
stderr = await read_stderr
if code != 0 or status == Status.ERROR:
raise parse_error(stderr)
if debug_output is not None:
debug_output.write_bytes(stderr)
[docs] @contextlib.contextmanager
def branch(self) -> Iterator["Instance"]: # TODO: Self reference
"""Create a branch of the current instance
Branches from the current instance and yields a child instance. Any
changes made to the child instance can not influence the current
instance. WARNING: The branch method assumes that no changes will be
made to the parent method while the child instance is still alive.
Changes to the parent model are locked until the child method are
destroyed.
Yields:
Instance: branched child instance
"""
child = self.__class__(self._solver)
child._parent = self
# Copy current information from analysis
child._method_cache = self.method
child.output_type = self.output_type
child._output_cache = self._output_cache
child._input_cache = self._input_cache
with self._lock:
yield child
[docs] @contextlib.contextmanager
def files(self) -> Iterator[List[Path]]:
"""Gets list of files of the Instance
Files will create a list of paths to the files that together form the
Instance. Parts of the Instance might be saved to files and are only
guaranteed to exist while within the created context.
Yields:
List of Path objects to existing and created files
"""
files: List[Path] = []
fragments: List[str] = []
data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
inst: Optional["Instance"] = self
while inst is not None:
for k, v in inst._data.items():
if isinstance(v, UnknownExpression) or k in data:
fragments.append(f"{k} = {v};\n")
elif isinstance(v, EnumMeta):
data[k] = [str(mem) for mem in v.__members__]
else:
data[k] = v
fragments.extend(inst._code_fragments)
files.extend(inst._includes)
inst = inst._parent
gen_files = []
try:
if len(data) > 0:
file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
prefix="mzn_data", suffix=".json", delete=False
)
gen_files.append(file)
file.write(
json.dumps(data, cls=MZNJSONEncoder, ensure_ascii=False).encode()
)
file.close()
files.append(Path(file.name))
if len(fragments) > 0 or len(files) == 0:
file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
prefix="mzn_fragment", suffix=".mzn", delete=False
)
gen_files.append(file)
for code in fragments:
file.write(code.encode())
file.close()
files.append(Path(file.name))
yield files
finally:
for file in gen_files:
file.close()
os.remove(file.name)
@property
def method(self) -> Method:
"""Query the Method used by the Instance.
Returns:
Method: Method of the goal used by the Instance.
"""
if self._method_cache is None:
self.analyse()
assert self._method_cache is not None
return self._method_cache
@property
def input(self) -> Dict[str, Type]:
"""Query the input parameters of the Instance.
Returns:
Dict[str, Type]: A mapping from parameter identifiers to their Types.
"""
if self._input_cache is None or self._method_cache is None:
self.analyse()
assert self._input_cache is not None
return self._input_cache
@property
def output(self):
"""Query the output parameters of the Instance.
Returns:
Dict[str, Type]: A mapping from parameter identifiers to their Types.
"""
if self._output_cache is None or self._method_cache is None:
self.analyse()
assert self._output_cache is not None
return self._output_cache
[docs] def analyse(self):
"""Discovers basic information about a CLIInstance
Analyses a given instance and discovers basic information about set
model such as the solving method, the input parameters, and the output
parameters. The information found will be stored among the attributes
of the instance.
"""
with self.files() as files:
assert len(files) > 0
output = self._driver._run(["--model-interface-only"] + files, self._solver)
if self._driver.parsed_version >= (2, 6, 0):
interface = None
for obj in decode_json_stream(output.stdout):
if obj["type"] == "interface":
interface = obj
break
else:
interface = json.loads(output.stdout)
old_method = self._method_cache
self._method_cache = Method.from_string(interface["method"])
self._input_cache = {}
for key, value in interface["input"].items():
self._input_cache[key] = _to_python_type(value)
old_output = self._output_cache
self._output_cache = {}
for key, value in interface["output"].items():
self._output_cache[key] = _to_python_type(value)
if interface.get("has_output_item", True):
self._output_cache["_output_item"] = str
if self._checker:
self._output_cache["_checker"] = str
if self.output_type is None or (
issubclass(self.output_type, _GeneratedSolution)
and (self._output_cache != old_output or self._method_cache != old_method)
):
fields = []
self._field_renames = []
if (
self._method_cache is not Method.SATISFY
and "objective" not in self._output_cache
):
fields.append(("objective", Number))
for k, v in self._output_cache.items():
if k in ["_output_item", "_checker"]:
fields.append((k, str, field(default="")))
elif iskeyword(k):
warnings.warn(
f"MiniZinc field '{k}' is a Python keyword. It has been "
f"renamed to 'mzn_{k}'",
SyntaxWarning,
)
self._field_renames.append((k, "mzn_" + k))
fields.append(("mzn_" + k, v))
else:
fields.append((k, v))
minizinc.logger.debug(
f"CLIInstance:analyse -> output fields: " f"{[f[0:2] for f in fields]}"
)
methods = {}
if interface.get("has_output_item", True):
methods["__str__"] = (
lambda myself: myself.__repr__()
if myself._output_item == ""
else myself._output_item
)
if self._checker:
methods["check"] = lambda myself: myself._checker
self.output_type = make_dataclass(
"Solution",
fields,
bases=(_GeneratedSolution,),
namespace=methods,
frozen=True,
)
def _reset_analysis(self):
self._method_cache = None
[docs] @contextlib.contextmanager
def flat(
self,
timeout: Optional[timedelta] = None,
optimisation_level: Optional[int] = None,
**kwargs,
):
"""Produce a FlatZinc file for the instance.
Args:
timeout (Optional[timedelta]): Set the time limit for the process
of flattening the instance. TODO: An exception is raised if the
timeout is reached.
optimisation_level (Optional[int]): Set the MiniZinc compiler
optimisation level.
- 0: Disable optimisation
- 1: Single pass optimisation (default)
- 2: Flatten twice to improve flattening decisions
- 3: Perform root-node-propagation
- 4: Probe bounds of all variables at the root node
- 5: Probe values of all variables at the root node
**kwargs: Other flags to be passed to the compiler. ``--`` can be
omitted in the name of the flag. If the type of the flag is
Boolean, then its value signifies its occurrence.
Yields:
Tuple containing the files of the FlatZinc model, the output model
and a dictionary the statistics of flattening
"""
cmd: List[Any] = ["--compile", "--statistics"]
fzn = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix="fzn_", suffix=".fzn", delete=False)
cmd.extend(["--fzn", fzn.name])
fzn.close()
ozn = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix="ozn_", suffix=".fzn", delete=False)
cmd.extend(["--ozn", ozn.name])
ozn.close()
if timeout is not None:
cmd.extend(["--time-limit", str(int(timeout.total_seconds() * 1000))])
# Set compiler optimisation level if specified
if optimisation_level is not None:
cmd.extend(["-O", str(optimisation_level)])
for flag, value in kwargs.items():
if not flag.startswith("-"):
flag = "--" + flag
if type(value) is bool:
if value:
cmd.append(flag)
else:
cmd.extend([flag, value])
# Add files as last arguments
with self.files() as files:
cmd.extend(files)
# Run the MiniZinc process
output = self._driver._run(cmd, solver=self._solver)
statistics: Dict[str, Any] = {}
matches = re.findall(rb"%%%mzn-stat:? (\w*)=([^\r\n]*)", output.stdout)
for m in matches:
set_stat(statistics, m[0].decode(), m[1].decode())
try:
yield fzn, ozn, statistics
finally:
os.remove(fzn.name)
os.remove(ozn.name)
[docs] def add_file(self, file: ParPath, parse_data: bool = True) -> None:
self._reset_analysis()
return super().add_file(file, parse_data)
[docs] def add_string(self, code: str) -> None:
self._reset_analysis()
return super().add_string(code)
def _parse_stream_obj(self, obj, statistics):
solution = None
status = None
if obj["type"] == "solution":
tmp = obj["output"]["json"]
if "_objective" in tmp:
tmp["objective"] = tmp.pop("_objective")
if "_output" in tmp:
tmp["_output_item"] = tmp.pop("_output")
for before, after in self._field_renames:
tmp[after] = tmp.pop(before)
if "_checker" in statistics:
tmp["_checker"] = statistics.pop("_checker")
solution = self.output_type(**tmp)
statistics["time"] = timedelta(milliseconds=obj["time"])
elif obj["type"] == "time":
statistics["time"] = timedelta(milliseconds=obj["time"])
elif obj["type"] == "statistics":
for key, val in obj["statistics"].items():
set_stat(statistics, key, str(val))
elif obj["type"] == "status":
status = Status.from_str(obj["status"])
elif obj["type"] == "checker":
if "raw" in obj["output"]:
statistics["_checker"] = obj["output"]["raw"]
else:
# TODO: can we ensure this is made JSON?
statistics["_checker"] = obj["output"]["dzn"]
return solution, status, statistics
def _to_python_type(mzn_type: dict) -> Type:
"""Converts MiniZinc JSON type to Type
Converts a MiniZinc JSON type definition generated by the MiniZinc CLI to a
Python Type object. This can be used on types that result from calling
``minizinc --model-interface-only``.
Args:
mzn_type (dict): MiniZinc type definition as resulting from JSON
Returns:
Type: Type definition in Python
"""
basetype = mzn_type["type"]
pytype: Type
# TODO: MiniZinc does not report enumerated types correctly
if basetype == "bool":
pytype = bool
elif basetype == "float":
pytype = float
elif basetype == "int":
pytype = int
elif basetype == "string":
pytype = str
elif basetype == "ann":
pytype = str
elif basetype == "tuple":
pytype = list
elif basetype == "record":
pytype = dict
else:
warnings.warn(
f"Unable to determine minizinc type `{basetype}` assuming integer type",
FutureWarning,
)
pytype = int
if mzn_type.get("set", False):
if pytype is int:
pytype = Union[Set[int], range] # type: ignore
else:
pytype = Set[pytype] # type: ignore
dim = mzn_type.get("dim", 0)
while dim >= 1:
# No typing support for n-dimensional typing
pytype = List[pytype] # type: ignore
dim -= 1
return pytype
async def _seperate_solutions(stream: asyncio.StreamReader):
solution: bytes = b""
while not stream.at_eof():
try:
solution += await stream.readuntil(SEPARATOR)
yield solution
solution = b""
except asyncio.LimitOverrunError as err:
solution += await stream.readexactly(err.consumed)
async def _read_all(stream: asyncio.StreamReader):
output: bytes = b""
while not stream.at_eof():
try:
output += await stream.read()
return output
except asyncio.LimitOverrunError as err:
output += await stream.readexactly(err.consumed)
return output